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Speakers of Slavic languages use two main sets of honorifics. The Western Slavs and the Ukrainians use the title of ''Pan'', the Southern Slavs and Russians use title of ''Gospodin'', while Belarusians use either ''Pan'' or ''Spadar'' (a simplified version of ''Haspadar'', which is related to ''Gospodin''). Lithuanians, although not Slavs, use the somewhat similar title ''Ponas''. == Usage of Pan== Historically, ''Pan'' was an equivalent to "Lord" or "Master". In Polish, it now can also mean Master (ruler, suzerain). The use of Pan differs in a high degree from the English honorifics. It is used as an honorific (roughly equivalent to Mr) before the name (first name and surname, only surname or only first name) and as a form of address without the name (roughly equivalent to "Sir"). Use of ''Pan'' with the first name in Poland marks a combination of familiarity and respect. Unlike "Sir", Pan is used both ways between persons of both equal and unequal rank (a waiter will address a guest as ''Pan'', and the customer reciprocates, much like using ''Monsieur'' in French). Using ''Pan'' with only the surname is regarded as a disrespectful way of addressing people, even somewhat condescending, when it is used to a superior. Using Pan with only the surname, however, is normally respectful if talking about somebody. ''Pan'' is never used about oneself (unlike "Mr"). "Pan" is also used as kind of personal pronoun in a similar way as ''Usted'' in Spanish or ''Lei'' in Italian (unlike French 'Monsieur' or German 'Herr', which require the use of 'vous' and 'Sie' respectively). Note also the Polish collective honorific: ''Państwo''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Slavic honorifics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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